The history of ancient Egypt dates back to 4000 BC. The dynasties, spanning from the 1st to the 31st, are typically categorized into the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms, among others, based on chronological divisions. The reign of Cleopatra, the legendary beauty of Egypt, lasted from 51 BC to 30 BC. Following her rule, the Roman period commenced in 30 BC. Since then, Egypt has remained a pivotal location, holding immense religious, political, and geographical significance. Its rich history is embedded in every aspect, with each grain of sand holding secrets of the past.
Egyptian history reveals a profound religious connection shared by Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Prophet Abraham, commonly referred to as Ibrahim in Islamic tradition, is revered as the common patriarch of these three Abrahamic faiths. His legacy serves as a rich source of information for researchers and scholars alike.
Given that tourism is a vital source of revenue for the country, the government diligently preserves historical sites and landmarks from ancient times to the present day, showcasing them through guided tours that adhere to its policies.
In a country steeped in breathtaking history, what can you truly experience and discover in just one week? Our whirlwind tour, expertly crafted by our tour guide, offered a well-rounded overview of the nation’s rich heritage, spanning ancient, Islamic, and modern sites.
Egypt instantly comes to mind, evoking two iconic images: the majestic Nile River and the majestic, towering Pyramids with their distinctive triangular silhouettes.
Spanning 6,650 km through nine African countries, the Nile River is a natural wonder that inspires awe as it flows endlessly into the Mediterranean Sea. Gazing upon its waters in Cairo, I was reminded of the Quranic story of Moses, whose mother placed him in a basket, trusting in the Creator, as the river’s overflowing waters swept him away. The mother’s determination resonated deeply. As I reflect on the ancient past, the scent of the Nile’s waters remains an enduring and haunting fragrance.
East of the Nile River is Cairo, and to the west lies Giza, renowned for its pyramids. These ancient structures, built thousands of years ago, are breathtaking. Their architectural genius earned them a place among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Upon comparing their architectural prowess to that of their time, it’s evident why they’re hailed as one of the ancient wonders. The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, preserves 22 mummies – 18 kings and 4 queens. Notably, one mummy is believed to be the Pharaoh from the time of Prophet Moses (peace be upon him), although historians debate its identity. Each mummy’s time period, identity, origin, and history are described, but the museum does not specify information about the mummy of the Pharaoh of Moses’ era.
Due to the site’s controlled dim lighting and no-filming policy, cameras and photography are strictly prohibited.
After exploring the mummies, I was struck by the shrunk image of those formerly revered monarchs and preserved hair on some queens. The mummy art, yet remains an astonishing wonder.
Amazed at all this, visiting Citadel of Saladin was the moment I anticipated most. But before sharing my disappointment there, let me first describe the Baron’s Palace.
Baron Édouard Empain, a prominent Bulgarian engineer and entrepreneur, arrived in Egypt in 1904, seeking to expand his business interests and develop the country’s railway infrastructure. He subsequently built an opulent palace as his residence. Is it any wonder that a wealthy businessman would build a grand palace? To the extent that it is named as a ‘Hindu Palace’, this structure blends Eastern and Western styles, with a Hindu temple-inspired exterior giving way to European-designed interiors. And that’s its standout attribute. Throughout the palace, each room offers a wealth of details and insights into the Baron’s life and the fascinating story of the palace’s construction. The palace is shrouded in so many spooky tales and myths that they could fill a movie, and have been meticulously catalogued.
Situated in Cairo’s Heliopolis district, this palace has been conscientiously protected as a distinctive historical monument. Moreover, it also provides tourists with comprehensive information, making their visit both interesting and informative.
Now, let’s proceed to the Citadel of Saladin, built by Sultan Saladin Ayubi in the year 1176. The formidable Citadel, situated on the Mokattam Hills, dominates Cairo’s skyline, providing a stunning perspective on the city. For nearly 700 years, the Citadel served as the seat of power for the Egyptian government and the residence of its rulers.
The Citadel underwent numerous changes during the Mamluk Sultanate in the 14th century and Muhammad Ali Pasha’s rule in the 19th century, and today, it bears the name of Saladin only in name. After Muhammad Ali Pasha demolished most of the old structures and built new constructions and monuments, today, the tour guides take us around the Citadel to show us only a few remaining attractions, notably the Mosque of Muhammad Ali Pasha, built in Ottoman style, its complex, and the Pasha’s tomb within the mosque. That’s all; that’s everything. Otherwise, there is no trace or information within the Citadel about Sultan Saladin, other Ayyubids, Mamluks, the original fortress, or subsequent modifications. An exact opposite of Baron’s Palace!
I believe it’s UNESCO’s contribution that has preserved Saladin’s Citadel, even if only nominally. UNESCO designated this location as a World Heritage Site in 1976. Later, when I shared my astonishment and disappointment with Egyptians, they revealed several political reasons why the contemporary Egyptian government and its rulers have not only shown disinterest but also hostility towards Saladin’s history and its dissemination.
Despite modern Egypt’s neglect of Sultan Saladin Ayubi, who freed Egypt from Fatimid rule and shielded it from Crusader invasions, his iconic legacy endures as a potent emblem of Egyptian identity. It is–
Saladin’s Eagle, emblazoned on the Egyptian flag – Eagle of Saladin.
Nooruddin






